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Salt free water softeners comparison  vs.  Ion Exchange / water softener:

PP Coetzee*, M Yacoby and S Howell Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,

Hand Afrikaans University, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa,

ISSN 0378-4738, 1996

 

Abstract

“Zinc species released from the surface of physical water treatment (PWT) devices into the feed water are shown to be primarily responsible for scale inhibition effects observed in three different types of physical water treatment (PWT) devices. The three types of PWT devices included units based on a magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet; a high frequency electric field; and a “catalytic conversion” process.

 Freshly released zinc from PWT devices was shown to have a marked effect on the induction period for CaCO3 precipitation and on the crystal morphology of CaCO3. 

No measurable effect on the crystallization reaction for calcium carbonate ascribable to the magnetic or electrical fields caused by the devices under investigation could be found.”

 

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